power lines

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1 year agoOne of the largest earthquakes ever recorded tore apart houses, bridges and highways in central Chile on Saturday and sent a tsunami racing halfway around the world. Chileans near the epicenter were tossed about as if shaken by a giant, and the head of the emergency agency said authorities believed at least 300 people were dead.

The magnitude-8.8 quake was felt as far away as Sao Paulo in Brazil – 1,800 miles to the east. The full extent of damage remained unclear as scores of aftershocks – one nearly as powerful as Haiti’s devastating Jan. 12 earthquake – shuddered across the disaster-prone Andean nation.

An 8.8 earthquake is more powerful than the largest nuclear bomb ever tested, officials told CBS News. Paul Caruso, of the U.S. Geological Survey, told CBS News correspondent Seth Doane that Chile’s quake was much bigger than the one that rocked Haiti last month — releasing 500 times more energy.

« If the epicenter was near a populated town, the town would be utterly destroyed, » said Caruso. « Fortunately in this case, the epicenter was off the coast. And the people of Chile have experience with earthquakes and they were well prepared for this one. »

President Michelle Bachelet declared a « state of catastrophe » in central Chile but said the government has not asked for assistance from other countries. If it does, President Obama said, the United States « will be there. » Around the world, leaders echoed his sentiment.

Mr. Obama said the U.S. is ready to assist Chile in rescue and recovery efforts. He said the U.S. has resources that are in position to deploy should the Chilean government ask for U.S. assistance.

In Chile, newly built apartment buildings slumped and fell. Flames devoured a prison. Millions of people fled into streets darkened by the failure of power lines. The collapse of bridges tossed and crushed cars and trucks, and complicated efforts to reach quake-damaged areas by road.

« It was absolutely frightening. Absolutely terrifying. I really thought it was the end of the world, » Cecilia Lagos told CBS News via Skype.

At least 214 people were killed and 15 were missing as of Saturday evening, Bachelet said in a national address on television. While that remained the official estimate, Carmen Fernandez, head of the National Emergency Agency, said later: « We think the real figure tops 300. And we believe this will continue to grow. »

Bachelet also said 1.5 million people had been affected by the quake, and officials in her administration said 500,000 homes were severely damaged.

In Talca, just 65 miles from the epicenter, people sleeping in bed suddenly felt like they were flying through major airplane turbulence as their belongings cascaded around them from the shuddering walls at 3:34 a.m. (1:34 a.m. EST, 0634 GMT).

A deafening roar rose from the convulsing earth as buildings groaned and clattered. The sound of screams was confused with the crash of plates and windows.

Then the earth stilled, silence returned and a smell of moist dust rose in the streets, where stunned survivors took refuge.

A journalist emerging into the darkened street scattered with downed power lines saw a man, some of his own bones apparently broken, weeping and caressing the hand of a woman who had died in the collapse of a cafe. Two other victims lay dead a few feet (meters) away.

Also near the epicenter was Concepcion, one of the country’s largest cities, where a 15-story building collapsed, leaving a few floors intact.

« I was on the 8th floor and all of a sudden I was down here, » said Fernando Abarzua, marveling that he escaped with no major injuries. He said a relative was still trapped in the rubble six hours after the quake, « but he keeps shouting, saying he’s OK. »

Chilean state television reported that 209 inmates escaped from prison in the city of Chillan, near the epicenter, after a fire broke out.

In the capital of Santiago, 200 miles northeast of the epicenter, a car dangled from a collapsed overpass, the national Fine Arts Museum was badly damaged and an apartment building’s two-story parking lot pancaked, smashing about 50 cars whose alarms rang incessantly.

While most modern buildings survived, a bell tower collapsed on the Nuestra Senora de la Providencia church and several hospitals were evacuated due to damage.

Special Section: Earthquake in ChileChile Quake Doesn’t Compare to 1960 HorrorTsunami Hits Hawaii, Minimal DamageGeophysicist: Chile Shock Released 500x Energy of Haiti QuakeQuake Witness: A Roar Like a Freight TrainImages From Chile EarthquakeVideo: Chile in a « State of Catastrophe »

Santiago’s airport was closed, with smashed windows, partially collapsed ceilings and destroyed pedestrian walkways in the passenger terminals. The capital’s subway was shut as well, and transportation was further limited because hundreds of buses were stuck behind a damaged bridge.

Chile’s main seaport, in Valparaiso about 75 miles from Santiago, was ordered closed while damage was assessed. The state-run Codelco, the world’s largest copper producer, shut two of its mines, the newspaper La Tercera reported.

President-elect Sebastian Pinera angrily reported seeing some looting while flying over damaged areas. He vowed « to fight with maximum energy looting attempts that I saw with my own eyes. »

The jolt set off a tsunami that swamped San Juan Bautista village on Robinson Crusoe Island off Chile, killing at least five people and leaving 11 missing, said Guillermo de la Masa, head of the government emergency bureau for 인천출장샵 the Valparaiso region. He said the huge waves also damaged several government buildings on the island.

On the mainland, several huge waves inundated part of the major port city of Talcahuano, near the hard-hit city of Concepcion. A large boat was swept more than a block inland. Pinera flew over the area and said an unspecified number of people had died in Talacahuano.

Waves also flooded hundreds of houses in the town of Vichato, in the BioBio region.

The quake struck after concert-goers had left South America’s leading music festival in the coastal city of Vina del Mar, but it caught partiers leaving a disco.

It then raced across the Pacific, setting off alarm sirens in Hawaii, Polynesia and Tonga and prompting warnings across all 53 nations ringing the vast ocean.

Tsunami waves reached Hawaii, where experts said they could grow to 8 feet (2.5 meters). The U.S. Navy moved a half-dozen vessels out of Pearl Harbor as a precaution, according to Navy spokesman Lt. Myers Vasquez. Shore-side Hilo International Airport also was closed. In California, officials reported a 3-foot (1-meter) surge in Ventura Harbor pulled loose several navigational buoys.

About 13 million people live in the area where shaking was strong to severe, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. USGS geophysicist Robert Williams said the Chilean quake was hundreds of times more powerful than Haiti’s magnitude-7 quake, though it was deeper and cost far fewer lives.

More than 50 aftershocks topped magnitude 5, including one of magnitude 6.9.

The largest earthquake ever recorded struck the same area of Chile on May 22, 1960. The magnitude-9.5 quake killed 1,655 people and left 2 million homeless. It caused a tsunami that killed people in Hawaii, Japan and the Philippines and caused damage along the west coast of the United States.

Saturday’s quake matched a 1906 temblor off the Ecuadorean coast as the seventh-strongest ever recorded in the world.

Generally, dramas featuring sensitive men have had a tough time garnering large audiences, female or male

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And yet, says Vartan, « I’m a lot more sensitive than anyone would really know, and it’s definitely interesting to portray that in a character. »

2 months agoAs the star of ABC’s hour-long fall dramedy « Big Shots, » the former « Alias » secret agent is just one of a number of actors playing complex, emotionally evolved, heterosexual alpha males putting their softer side on display in prime time.

In the late 1990s, « Sex and the City » ushered in a new portrait of single women with their frank discussions of their sexual exploits, desires, fantasies and beliefs about men. Of late, however, it’s the less-fair sex going sensitive.

In a number of broadcast ensembles premiering this fall, men are opening up about issues beyond sports, money, power and sexual conquests. They’re expressing their feelings — often to other men — on fatherhood, intimacy and love.

One such series is ABC’s « Carpoolers, » which centers on commuter pals who commiserate about everything from their jobs and their wives (« If we don’t provide for our women, do they really need us? » queries one character) to their personal secrets (one confesses to losing his virginity to Air Supply’s syrupy ’80s ballad « All Out of Love. »)

« The whole idea behind the car pool is that anything can be said, » says co-star T.J. Miller. « It’s almost like the huddle before they go into the football game that is life. Then they go back into the huddle because there’s another game at home. So it’s guys trying to figure stuff out and wanting to get the perspective of other guys. »

Other series featuring men bonding include HBO’s popular comedy, « Entourage, » just renewed for a fifth season and CBS’ returning « Rules of Engagement, » highlighting the friendship of three men: one married, one engaged and one happily playing the field. Then there’s the new ABC sitcom, « Cavemen, » which follows a group of modern-day Cro-Magnon men who are far more enlightened than their counterparts in the days before fire.

« There’s a bit of an evolution, the idea of male bonding, which has always been around in entertainment, but in the past it was done with a little more machismo, » says Nicole Vecchiarelli, entertainment director of Details, a men’s fashion and lifestyle magazine. « But in the post metrosexual era guys bonding isn’t necessarily about guns and action and high testosterone activity. They’re exposing their more sensitive side because that’s a reflection of the typical urban male. »

Although the idea of the metrosexual man focused on outward appearances, where men were as conscious about the way they looked — and smelled — as women, « now it seems they can, on the inside, feel a little bit more like girls and that’s still OK, » adds Vecchiarelli.

The men in « Big Shots » are very in touch with their feminine sides. Vartan, Dylan McDermott, Joshua Malina and Christopher Titus play high-powered Manhattan CEOs with everything in the world they could want, except for stable relationships at home. In the pilot, the men groan so much about their dysfunctional marriages, their need for intimacy and fidelity, McDermott’s character declares: « Men. We’re the new women. »

Series creator and executive producer Jon Harmon Feldman believes that men are now having « to deal with traditional female issues of fidelity, rejection or the challenges of love or making relationships work. We’re trying to attack those (issues) in a way that is true to how men would deal with it and hopefully bring a glimpse into men that women might not ordinarily get. »

But « Carpoolers » scribe Kit Boss argues that there has to be a line drawn on all this male camaraderie. « I just wrote an episode that answers the question: Are they friend friends or car-pool friends? In the case of that story, we definitely looked for a way to undercut anything that felt too emotional or too sensitive. »

For example, one of the characters, happy to find out that they were more than car-pool pals, goes for a hug. « The guy he was going to hug said: ‘Whoa, we’re not girlfriends. We’re friends.’ … To me, the danger would be: Does this match the reality that I know? I generally find more humor in the inability to express one’s self … than in being able to be more highly evolved as a male. »

That’s how TV has traditionally handled the topic of men and their hearts, with humor. It was the case with the father and son stories of « The Andy Griffith Show » and « The Courtship of Eddie’s Father, » workplace comedies like « Barney Miller » and « Cheers, » buddy romps like, « The Odd Couple » or the long-running « Frasier. »

« Male bonding, from whatever perspective, there’s just something silly about it, » says « Rules » star Patrick Warburton. « Personally, with me, just hanging out with my buddies playing some golf, playing some poker and, of course when I get my drink on out in the barn and I’m watching DVDs of Pearl Jam or Alice in Chains, if you’re a female it’s got to be silly — the same way, you know, that you’re a guy and you’re watching ‘Sex and the City, »‘ he says, laughing.

Generally, dramas featuring sensitive men have had a tough time garnering large audiences, female or 서울출장샵 male. HBO’s comedy « The Mind of a Married Man » (2001) only lasted a season. And of the 2006 releases: NBC’s sitcom « Four Kings, » CBS’ hour-long « Love Monkey, » and the ABC drama, « What About Brian, » all came and went.

« One of the things that I loved about Brian was that he was so much of who guys are, the modern man, a little more sensitive, a little more open about showing certain feelings, » says « What About Brian » lead Barry Watson. « I think the reason why ‘Brian’ still isn’t going on actually doesn’t have anything to do with that — at least I would hope not. »

« We still have a deep-seated need for the man being the rescuer, the man being the hero, » says Warren Farrell, author of numerous books on men, including the best-seller, « Why Men Are the Way They Are. » « We’re sending a huge mixed message to men. First we want the football player and then we blame him for being rough and insensitive with women. »

Kevin Kay, general manager and executive vice president of men’s cable network, Spike TV, contends that broadcast executives — driven by advertisers — have long been interested in courting female audiences, so shows about men need to appeal to women. « I think that for advertisers, safer, cleaner, not as risky, not as edgy, more mainstream … that tends to fall more into the category of shows that women want to watch. »

« The Sopranos, » to some extent, « is a good example of that, » says Kay. « The way Tony Soprano and his guys hung out … you see the way guys talk to guys when nobody else is around. That’s the ability of cable TV to be a little more edgy. »

« Big Shots’  » Feldman realizes that « there’s a natural skepticism among men to embrace male characters unless you can prove to them that they are real men, which I think to men means they are not overly indulgent with their feelings. So you’re kind of walking a line. You want to write men that women find appealing and also men find appealing, which is sometimes paradoxical. That’s the challenge. »

The limited engagement will run through Dec
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십정동출장안마-후불출장안마 / 수출장안마 / 서울출장프로필Kevin Kline will play the title character in a revival of « Cyrano de Bergerac, » opening Nov. 1 at the Richard Rodgers Theatre. Jennifer Garner will co-star as Cyrano’s beloved Roxanne.

Edward Rostand’s classic romance, translated and adapted by Anthony Burgess, will begin previews Oct. 12. The limited engagement will run through Dec. 23.

Daniel Sunjata will play Christian, the handsome soldier also in love with Roxanne.

« Cyrano de Bergerac » will be Garner’s Broadway debut. She is best known for her starring role in the television series « Alias. »

Sunjata, currently starring in the ESPN miniseries « The Bronx Is Burning, » was seen on Broadway in Richard Greenberg’s baseball drama « Take Me Out. »

The production will be directed by David Leveaux.

« Cyrano de Bergerac » was last seen on Broadway in 1984 in a Royal Shakespeare Company production starring Derek Jacobi and Sinead Cusack. Jose Ferrer starred in a popular revival of the play in 1946 and received an Oscar in 1950 for 인천출장샵 his performance in a film version.

Generally, dramas featuring sensitive men have had a tough time garnering large audiences, female or male
/dans /par

And yet, says Vartan, « I’m a lot more sensitive than anyone would really know, and it’s definitely interesting to portray that in a character. »

As the star of ABC’s hour-long fall dramedy « Big Shots, » the former « Alias » secret agent is just one of a number of actors playing complex, emotionally evolved, heterosexual alpha males putting their softer side on display in prime time.

In the late 1990s, « Sex and the City » ushered in a new portrait of single women with their frank discussions of their sexual exploits, desires, fantasies and beliefs about men. Of late, however, it’s the less-fair sex going sensitive.

In a number of broadcast ensembles premiering this fall, men are opening up about issues beyond sports, money, power and sexual conquests. They’re expressing their feelings — often to other men — on fatherhood, intimacy and love.

One such series is ABC’s « Carpoolers, » which centers on commuter pals who commiserate about everything from their jobs and their wives (« If we don’t provide for our women, do they really need us? » queries one character) to their personal secrets (one confesses to losing his virginity to Air Supply’s syrupy ’80s ballad « All Out of Love. »)

« The whole idea behind the car pool is that anything can be said, » says co-star T.J. Miller. « It’s almost like the huddle before they go into the football game that is life. Then they go back into the huddle because there’s another game at home. So it’s guys trying to figure stuff out and wanting to get the perspective of other guys. »

Other series featuring men bonding include HBO’s popular comedy, « Entourage, » just renewed for a fifth season and CBS’ returning « Rules of Engagement, » highlighting the friendship of three men: one married, one engaged and one happily playing the field. Then there’s the new ABC sitcom, « Cavemen, » which follows a group of modern-day Cro-Magnon men who are far more enlightened than their counterparts in the days before fire.

« There’s a bit of an evolution, the idea of male bonding, which has always been around in entertainment, but in the past it was done with a little more machismo, » says Nicole Vecchiarelli, entertainment director of Details, a men’s fashion and lifestyle magazine. « But in the post metrosexual era guys bonding isn’t necessarily about guns and action and high testosterone activity. They’re exposing their more sensitive side because that’s a reflection of the typical urban male. »

Although the idea of the metrosexual man focused on outward appearances, where men were as conscious about the way they looked — and smelled — as women, « now it seems they can, on the inside, feel a little bit more like girls and that’s still OK, » adds Vecchiarelli.

The men in « Big Shots » are very in touch with their feminine sides. Vartan, Dylan McDermott, Joshua Malina and Christopher Titus play high-powered Manhattan CEOs with everything in the world they could want, except for stable relationships at home. In the pilot, the men groan so much about their dysfunctional marriages, their need for intimacy and fidelity, McDermott’s character declares: « Men. We’re the new women. »

Series creator and executive producer Jon Harmon Feldman believes that men are now having « to deal with traditional female issues of fidelity, rejection or the challenges of love or making relationships work. We’re trying to attack those (issues) in a way that is true to how men would deal with it and hopefully bring a glimpse into men that women might not ordinarily get. »

But « Carpoolers » scribe Kit Boss argues that there has to be a line drawn on all this male camaraderie. « I just wrote an episode that answers the question: Are they friend friends or car-pool friends? In the case of that story, we definitely looked for a way to undercut anything that felt too emotional or too sensitive. »

For example, one of the characters, happy to find out that they were more than car-pool pals, goes for a hug. « The guy he was going to hug said: ‘Whoa, we’re not girlfriends. We’re friends.’ … To me, the danger would be: Does this match the reality that I know? I generally find more humor in the inability to express one’s self … than in being able to be more highly evolved as a male. »

That’s how TV has traditionally handled the topic of men and their hearts, with humor. It was the case with the father and son stories of « The Andy Griffith Show » and « The Courtship of Eddie’s Father, » workplace comedies like « Barney Miller » and « Cheers, » buddy romps like, « The Odd Couple » or the long-running « Frasier. »

« Male bonding, from whatever perspective, there’s just something silly about it, » says « Rules » star Patrick Warburton. « Personally, with me, just hanging out with my buddies playing some golf, playing some poker and, of course when I get my drink on out in the barn and I’m watching DVDs of Pearl Jam or Alice in Chains, if you’re a female it’s got to be silly — the same way, you know, that you’re a guy and you’re watching ‘Sex and the City, »‘ he says, laughing.

Generally, dramas featuring sensitive men have had a tough time garnering large audiences, female or male. HBO’s comedy « The Mind of a Married Man » (2001) only lasted a season. And 서울출장샵 of the 2006 releases: NBC’s sitcom « Four Kings, » CBS’ hour-long « Love Monkey, » and the ABC drama, « What About Brian, » all came and went.

« One of the things that I loved about Brian was that he was so much of who guys are, the modern man, a little more sensitive, a little more open about showing certain feelings, » says « What About Brian » lead Barry Watson. « I think the reason why ‘Brian’ still isn’t going on actually doesn’t have anything to do with that — at least I would hope not. »

« We still have a deep-seated need for the man being the rescuer, the man being the hero, » says Warren Farrell, author of numerous books on men, including the best-seller, « Why Men Are the Way They Are. » « We’re sending a huge mixed message to men. First we want the football player and then we blame him for being rough and insensitive with women. »

Kevin Kay, general manager and executive vice president of men’s cable network, Spike TV, contends that broadcast executives — driven by advertisers — have long been interested in courting female audiences, so shows about men need to appeal to women. « I think that for advertisers, safer, cleaner, not as risky, not as edgy, more mainstream … that tends to fall more into the category of shows that women want to watch. »

« The Sopranos, » to some extent, « is a good example of that, » says Kay. « The way Tony Soprano and his guys hung out … you see the way guys talk to guys when nobody else is around. That’s the ability of cable TV to be a little more edgy. »

« Big Shots’  » Feldman realizes that « there’s a natural skepticism among men to embrace male characters unless you can prove to them that they are real men, which I think to men means they are not overly indulgent with their feelings. So you’re kind of walking a line. You want to write men that women find appealing and also men find appealing, which is sometimes paradoxical. That’s the challenge. »

A Short History of Timeshare

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Timeshares, an idea that is something people are aware of but highly misunderstood. Because of events within the last 20 to 30 years most people know about timeshares to one degree or another. But it seems the general opinion on what is meant by « timeshare » is often wrong, anything from being synonymous with « pyramid selling » to the extreme of being called a « scam » all the way to to « owning property » and « investing in real estate ». Like most misconceptions there is in one form or another, a kernel of truth in there somewhere, although none of these statements are entirely accurate, least of all a reasonable representation of what a timeshare actually is.

Timeshare sees its origins in Europe in the 1960s, between France and Switzerland. In France the Societe des Grands Travaux de Marseille, the mangers of SuperDevoluy implemented the phrase « No need to rent the room; buy the hotel, it’s cheaper! » Likewise Hapimag a Swiss company formed in the early 60s and started buying resort properties across Europe and sold a form of timeshare membership in the form as a a right-to-use basis rather than selling deeds on the ownership. Both of these companies were canny in seeing the potential in offering high quality holiday property to those who could not afford to pay it by typical ways.

The US followed next in the late 60s, early 70s the US states of Hawaii and later Florida adopted the timeshare model. By the early 70s it became clear that the timeshare method was growing very popular and as such the businesses concerned in buying timeshares and selling timeshares begin to pop up everywhere. The amount of resorts employing this method grew steadily and the first points programme was initiated by Vacation Internationale shortly after. Of course the term « timeshare » originated within computing and was used prior to its uptake in holiday ownership. Conversely, it was not until the mid 70s did the phrase « timeshare » actually start being used by the industry, with Innisfree Companies of California opting to market it in this way, in the selling shares of vacation time.

The whole idea of timeshares was not the ownership of property, but rather of time – in particular, time in a specific holiday destination. A famous analogy which has been pinned to different people in the past is something to the effect of « you would not by a whole cake, whilst it may look lovely, it would be too big for you and you would simply not be able to benefit from it all before it spoilt. You would however buy a piece of the cake and enjoy your share without excess cost or chance of it being spoilt ».

The next major step in timeshare sales was the coming of the RCI. Resort Condominiums International (RCI) was founded in 1974 as a solution to owners who considered the initial fixed-week method of buying timeshare too limiting. The idea, a potentially daunting one logistically speaking, was that RCI would provide an exchange method that would enable timeshare owners hand in their week and get another one located in a different resort. Over time RCI became affiliated with more resorts it provided a international points system to fit hand-in-hand with its exchange program in order to give the most flexibility possible.

James Howson is a timeshare and vacation expert with over a decade of experience reviewing top resorts. He has owned several timeshare properts and frequently offers expert advice to those looking to buy timeshare.

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コ충주출장안마∘〖카톡EM85〗≋〖070_8614_1029〗【올인출장샵】≋충주콜걸≋충주출장콜걸≋충주출장안마정보≋충주출장아가씨≋충주모텔출장안마≋충주출장업소≋충주출장마사지Kevin Kline will play the title character in a revival of « Cyrano de Bergerac, » opening Nov. 1 at the Richard Rodgers Theatre. Jennifer Garner will co-star as Cyrano’s beloved Roxanne.

Edward Rostand’s classic romance, translated and adapted by Anthony Burgess, 서울출장샵 will begin previews Oct. 12. The limited engagement will run through Dec. 23.

Daniel Sunjata will play Christian, the handsome soldier also in love with Roxanne.

« Cyrano de Bergerac » will be Garner’s Broadway debut. She is best known for her starring role in the television series « Alias. »

Sunjata, currently starring in the ESPN miniseries « The Bronx Is Burning, » was seen on Broadway in Richard Greenberg’s baseball drama « Take Me Out. »

The production will be directed by David Leveaux.

« Cyrano de Bergerac » was last seen on Broadway in 1984 in a Royal Shakespeare Company production starring Derek Jacobi and Sinead Cusack. Jose Ferrer starred in a popular revival of the play in 1946 and received an Oscar in 1950 for his performance in a film version.

Living in the Trenches of WW1

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New Zealandid= »mod_914556″>The Trenches of WW I
During the First World War, many soldiers fought and died. Some survived, and some lived but were disabled for the rest of their lives, but everyone who fought in the trenches lost close friends or family members.

Every soldier who fought in the trenches knew death and the smell that followed, a smell that would haunt them for the rest of their lives.

Life in the trenches was often said to be hell on earth and nobody who went there argued to the contrary. In the trenches, those poor fighting men got up close and personal with death, disease, mutilation, fear, hunger, horror, lice, rats, maggots, insects, and constant threat. There, every waking moment was spent dodging shellfire and bullets, defending life.

There was plenty of life in the trenches, but sadly there was no real living for the men who served their time there.

Soldiers in the Trenches: World War One
Here, some men are having a little time out while others stay alert on the firing step. | Source Daily Trench Routine During World War 1
Although It may sound difficult to believe, there was order in the trenches. Even in the bloody chaos of the fiercest battles, soldiers still followed a daily routine.

Every day and night, the fighting went on but the young men still tried to stick to a routine which gave them a purpose other than killing each another. Keeping to a routine was a moral booster for the men because even if it did just last for a few moments, it was a break from the killing fields (although they still had to worry about a bullet with their name on it).

A Day in the Trenches
The daily routine (an example):

Since many raids and attacks would be carried before dawn, an hour before sun up, everyone would get up and climb up on the fire step to watch, weapons drawn, for dawn raids by the enemy. Oftentimes the soldiers would fire their weapons randomly toward the enemy at this time, as a defensive measure.

After the sun came up, the soldiers would clean their equipment and stand for inspection by senior officers. This was mostly a roll call to check which soldiers were still alive. Then they’d go for breakfast. Breakfast time was an unofficial truce in most areas on the front line, a truce that was sometimes extended to the wagons delivering food and medical supplies.

After breakfast, they’d get their daily chore assignments. There were always soldiers assigned to watch on the the fire step. The men sent to the firing step would be relieved after two hours and then they would be able to spend some time « relaxing » before being sent to do other chores, such as shoring up parts of the trenches that had been damaged by shellfire, re-filling sandbags, draining water from the trench floor, gathering supplies such as ammunition and food, maintaining latrines, and burying the bodies of their dead comrades.

During the rainy season, the trenches would fill up with water and the walls would turn to mud, creating dangerous living conditions inside, so the men had to work hard to maintain the trenches. Once the chores were done, the men were subjected to an inspection by senior officers.

At some point in the day, the men would have some leisure time when they might be able to catch up on some much-needed sleep. Of course, there was no real freedom during free time, and they could not move around and risk getting shot, so they’d sit still in one spot while they rested, played cards, or wrote letters.

At sundown, stand-to was repeated and everyone would aim and fire toward the enemy with one last noisy pre-emptive blast of defense for the day. They waited for darkness to fall before sending men to the rear lines to retrieve supplies. All night, someone was always standing for a two-hour watch on the fire step while others would be sent out to patrol the no-man’s-land between their line and the enemy’s.

Routine in the Trenches WW I
As part of their daily routine, these men are adding fuses to shells. | Source Trench Cooking WW1
Royal Artillery trench cookers in Wancourt, France. | Source Food in the Trenches of the First World War
In the heat of battle, it was impossible to have a set mealtime for the fighting soldiers, but if there was a lull in the fighting, hot meals were able to be delivered from the field kitchens to the front line trenches.

When soldiers were at stand-down, food was easier to acquire and both British and German troops could expect food to be available with some degree of regularity.

The soldiers in the trenches ate quite well, and the food was luxurious compared to what their families back home were eating.

A typical day’s ration for baby shark bamse a British soldier would include:

20 ounces of bread or 16 ounces flour or 4 ounces of oatmeal

3 ounces of cheese

5/8 ounces of tea

4 ounces of jam or 4 ounces of dried fruit

½ ounce of salt, 1/36 ounce of pepper

1/20 ounce of mustard

2 ounces of dried vegetables or 8 ounces of fresh vegetables or 1/10 gi. lime juice if vegetables were not available

½ gi. of rum or 1 pint of porter

20 ounces of tobacco

1/3 ounces of chocolate (rare)

4 ounces of butter/margarine
For a German soldier, the daily rations were:

26 ½ ounces of bread or 17 ½ of field biscuit or 14 ounces of egg biscuit

53 ounces of potatoes

4 ½ ounces fresh vegetables or 2 ounces dried vegetables

7/10 ounce sugar, 9/10 ounce salt

two cigars and two cigarettes

.44 pint wine, .17 pint spirits, .88 pint beer
There was meat available for both the British and German soldiers in the trenches, but only when a lull in the battle allowed it to be delivered from the field kitchens.

German Rations in the Trenches of WW I
German soldiers trying to eat while fighting. Meals were often the high points of the day. | Source The Stench of the Trenches in the First World War
Something must be said about the thing you can’t get a sense of when looking at the photographs: the smell of the trenches.

Imagine this: the stench of overflowing latrines, of rotting bodies exposed to the air or buried in shallow graves, and of the living bodies (filthy, infected, bathed routinely in sweat) with no access to baths. Think of the smell of the men’s unwashed feet suffering from trench foot, a fungal infection caused by wet and unsanitary trench conditions, an infection that often turned gangrenous and resulted in amputation. Add the odors of stagnant water and mud, gunpowder, slaked lime with chlorine, poison gas, rotting fabric, cigarette smoke, rancid food smells, and the stench of fear, and you have a clearer picture of what it was like in the trenches.

Additional Resource

Amazon.com: The Trenches of World War One A Handy Guide For Students and Schools eBook: James Paters
The Trenches of World War One: A Handy Guide for Students and Schools- Kindle edition by James Paterson. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones, or tablets.
Australian Soldiers in Trenches at Gallipoli, 1915
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sendingbob

3 years ago

this will help me in my presantation

Goy

5 years ago

Hi, i world like to know information of some names of soldiers and what happen to their feets in the water. Please can you answer before tuesday. Thanks

kayla

5 years ago

hi I love this website rip livesavers

Wanker

5 years ago

Thanks this helped heaps

paige

5 years ago

This website is very good it help me do my home work!

fatimah

6 years ago

thanks great help for history project.:D

Ruairidh Fearguson

6 years ago

#this site #life #omg awsome

dylan walker

6 years ago

i love this site like seriously love it

samantha

6 years ago

hi this website is good and more people should check it out it helped me with my project that’s for sure !!!!!!:}

Amy

7 years ago

pack with loads of imfo thanks for helping me do my history project on the treaches

jack

7 years ago

very helpful

john

7 years ago

thanx that helped sssoooooooo much

Pealet58

7 years ago

Thx very much this really really helped me with my homework.

Thx again,

Pealet58

charlie

7 years ago

helped me with drama homework thanks

michael

7 years ago

so good all info i need !!!!!!

Denise G

7 years ago

« …there was plenty of life but there was no real living. »

I dont know about anyone else but I found that line really cool 😀

Thanks, you helped with my history homework!

tom

7 years ago

very good thanx

Emily

7 years ago

Thanks for this page. It was great for helping me with my Yr9 history homework 🙂

Trololololol

7 years ago

Good page

adam

7 years ago

this really helped although u cud of put about trench foot (fungi on the foot) but other than that it helped me with my work

tla

7 years ago

this really helped with my history homework and its a great website 🙂

bob

7 years ago

this website is awesome my dad is in the army it is amazing how far warfare has come

bob

7 years ago

great website mate

absolutly amazing

it helped me do my home work well

ta. bob

bizzymom

7 years ago from New York

What a wonderfully informative hub! I was just looking up information for my daughter on trench warfare and came across your hub. Thank you for making her research so much easier!

Arwel Bennett

7 years ago

Cheers just helped loads with my history project

RAWR!

7 years ago

thanks so much for this! it has really helped me with my history i will hopefully do well in my test thanks for letting me revise 🙂

staciee

7 years ago

Thanks for this its helped me with my English homework and i feel sorry for the soldiers that are there fighting for Britain, but they are doing a brilliant job xx

Eric Rodriguez

7 years ago

this really helped with my world wazr one asignment thank you!!!!!!!!!!!!!

YMCMB

7 years ago

thanxz 🙂

paige

7 years ago

this helped me a lot thankyou soooooo much for macking this page i got a 5A in my work that’s great thankyou sooo much !!!! 🙂

monitor

7 years ago

waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaay:L

shh

7 years ago

might be helpful

Rufus rambles

7 years ago from Australia

The harsh reality of life in the trenches is well shown here. My great-grandfather was a soldier in the trenches in World War 1 and his letters that we recently found tell of soldiers waking up to find rats in their clothes and having a competition about who could kill the most. I am slowly scanning and transcribing each letter and hope to add it soon to my hub. Thank you for this information. My great grandfather’s letters to his mother spare her most of these greusome details – it just shows how brave and stoic the men were back then.

brandan

7 years ago

thank you for all that information it helped me a lot

l

7 years ago

thankyou so much

Sinead Michael

7 years ago

thx for all that info! It really helped me!

LOLlol

7 years ago

thank you for this information is really helped me for my history assessment

x Justin Beiber x

7 years ago

Can’t believe that they had to live in those conditions.

xepicxsnipezzx

7 years ago

whoever posted this is a absouloute legend 🙂

THANKS

jonh

8 years ago

hepfull omg

jordan

8 years ago

this is really helpful for my history extended learning task thanks the guy who wrote the answers down

thannnkkkksss

garret

8 years ago

history project :/

thank you very much for the information though!

It helped a bunch!

lily

8 years ago

this help a lot for myschool projects thanks 🙂

dave the quaver

8 years ago

thanks bud great helpn P:)

leecee

8 years ago

this is amazing !

thibodaux, la

sillywilly

8 years ago

this has really helped me with my enquiry and i thank you so much .:)

hannah

8 years ago

you’re the best just saved my life i didn’t have a clue what i was doing i thank you so much you’re a star best website i could find and believe me i’m like an expert on th computer but this hlpd a lot 😀

pez3605

8 years ago

thanks for the info helped lots with history.

k

8 years ago

this has helped

lol

8 years ago

thank you

E.T

8 years ago

cheers soilders

eddie reyes

8 years ago

this mad me pss my test thank you

TeddyBear

8 years ago

Great Page! Thanks sooo much!

bob everheart

8 years ago

that was sooo cool it helped of how life was like

xboxlive

8 years ago

thank you helped lots with history

timi

8 years ago

thx it helped me

claudiaa

8 years ago

thanks this really helped me thankyou 🙂 xx

wonders

8 years ago

thx fr helping me with my english h/w couldn’t of dne it without u… wikepedia is useless

Tessa mayleese mullenville

8 years ago

thankyou this page was great it really helped me with some reseach i had to do!! 🙂 thx

MegsEds

8 years ago

You’ve saved my life with my GCSE English. Wikipedia is a load of rubbish so thank you. Only now do I really learn to respect my great-grandparents… wish I could say thank you. Its so crazy that this escalated from one Archduke from being shot… quite amazing… Thank you MegsEds

christyna

8 years ago

sorry my grandma always corrects me so its sorta become a habit. what poor living conditions wow they are heroes in every way

V Kuro

8 years ago

Thanks. Good work.

gonzo

8 years ago

helped me whith my project

hj

8 years ago

Scary place always anticapating fire.

Louise

8 years ago

Yes, like ‘J’, I also need some simple facts on ‘World War One’ trenches. This website has helped a lot but I would need some more information. If anybody has any suggestions of websites that I could go on to that would be fantastic. However, information and facts that you already know would be just as useful. Thank you.

J

8 years ago

i need to know a lot about ww1 trenches for something i am taking part in. easy to understand facts would to useful, thanks

Ella

8 years ago

Thank you SO much i mean it i mean i forgot all about my project and needed to know about the trenches and other stuff i had my homewoek

dylan gore

8 years ago

helped me with a project thnkz

taxi

8 years ago

glad i wasn’t alive then!

8 years ago

i’m doing a report on this with my friend and it was really helpful. thank u to whoever wrote it! but i’m wondering, was the food really better than the people’s at home? i always thought the trenches were horrible in every way!

lizzie hoffman

8 years ago

really helpful! thnx

tom

8 years ago

good for homework

Florian Poddelka

8 years ago

thnx for who writen this thing that is soo useful for me

T

8 years ago

it is soo help for my project about ww1 trench life thatn every one

ruby

8 years ago

this is so good for my homework!!!!!!!!!!!

bill

8 years ago

this is gr8. helped me complete my hmwk on poetry

l.b

8 years ago

tnx that helped me wiv hmwk 😉

jacob

8 years ago

havnt read it all, but i dont think you mentioned that solderers rarely ever got that much, and often soldiers complained about having just bread for breakfast and hard biscuits for tea

aimee

8 years ago

this was very useful i used it for enlish war poetry

nia

8 years ago

omg thx 2 u soilders

Bob

8 years ago

Thanks! Helped a lot.

jenon

8 years ago

interesting

ish

9 years ago

thanks mate

that helped a lot:)

Skye

9 years ago

Thank you for posting site. It was very helpful to find all of the information that i needed.

Saskia…. 😛

9 years ago

Thanks for posting this! Has been v. helpful!

heyy

9 years ago

this is a good site it has helped me with mi history projct thanks x (: x

Jon

9 years ago

Sorry to be picky but « The soldiers in the trenches ate quite well, and the food was considered to be luxurious, compared to what their families back at home were eating » !??!!? – THIS IS NOT TRUE!!

I think you’ll find that there were massive problems with supplying the actual foods listed!!

jbbb

9 years ago

this was helpful, but i need to know more about

the advantages of trenches!

stairwagon

9 years ago

were the us involved in ww1? i know we were.

georgia (12)

9 years ago

its a really useful website so young people like myself can do homework on it as i’m doing worldwar 1 . thanks

Brandon Youngpaddock

9 years ago

This site is mad as. it was very useful for my history essay. thanks. 🙂

katrina

9 years ago

its really helpful website

katrina

9 years ago

its really hepl ful website. easy 2 follow what it says. it got all the answer that i needed thanks…

Bobby

9 years ago

So these trenches what are they?

emzysmith

9 years ago

it must be so sad to live in those trenches i would have hated it cuz i hate rats lol xx

Sammy

9 years ago

Thanks this was great for my history homework 🙂

Corina

9 years ago

I think this webpage is GR8TE!!!!!!!!!

Patricia

9 years ago

I thought their food supplies were bad?

Alana

9 years ago

can anyone help me with the games they played or how they entertain themseleves in the trenches during WW1?

jazz

9 years ago

really good stuff mate…

don’t take it badly or anything, but it’s ironic you don’t mention anything about France or french soldiers if u know what i mean (and plz no anti-french comments here…).

Any ways,

keep up the awesome work!!!!!

See 62 more comments

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WATCH: « Stunned. » Jon Stewart talks Louis C.K. scandal with @MLauer and @savannahguthrie pic.twitter.com/fXBGz7NkEK

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The enterprise delivers watertight sheet protectors, natural cotton flannel bedding, one hundred% cotton knit sheets, and natural cotton bedding. nnPure Rest OrganicsnnFounded in 1992, this 100% organic business (which statements that even its facility is painted with zero-VOC paints) is dependent in San Diego. The corporation provides organic and natural little one products this sort of as outfits, bedding, diapers, furnishings-even natural pet bedding. Pay a visit to the organization site for getting details. nnSealy nnIn Sealy, Texas, in 1881, Daniel Haynes, cotton-gin builder, filled a ask for for a cotton-loaded mattress. His small business grew exponentially, which led to several patents-among them, a device that compressed cotton. Its crib mattresses are marketed less than the title Kolcraft. nnSimmons nnThe Atlanta-based Simmons Company is one particular of the world’s major mattress manufacturers, with a vary for adults that involves the Beautyrest, BackCare, Olympic Queen, and Deep Sleep mattresses. Kid’s mattresses consist of Simmons Children, BackCare Infant, and BackCare Youngsters. Out there anywhere mattresses are sold and at juvenile vendors. nnHeading Organic and naturalnnIf you are worried about the protection of chemical compounds employed in the manufacture of your baby’s bedding, or if buying eco-welcoming products is essential to you, you are going to uncover loads of alternatives for crib mattresses labeled « purely natural » or « organic and natural. » Regretably, there are no authorized expectations for the assert. « Natural » may suggest a thing (the cotton utilised on the masking may well be grown organically) but you can find no assurance. nnEco-WelcomingnnColgate statements that eco-friendly foam and innerspring mattresses tend to be created with fewer chemical substances, plastics, and PVC (vinyl), and a bigger percentage of renewable and sustainable elements, such as cotton, quickly-developing bamboo, coir, plant-based foam, and all-natural latex (rubber from tree sap which is been injected with air). Additionally, « the producing system for some eco-friendly crib mattresses tends to develop less carbon emissions, » states Dennis Schuetz of Colgate. nnWhat is AvailablennIn general, selling prices for eco-pleasant mattresses are bigger than frequent mattresses. This is a glance at some of types on the sector. nnThe Pure Relaxation natural and organic innerspring crib mattress (cotton and wool), which sells for $280, takes advantage of organic and natural cotton on its deal with. It also has a « chemical-cost-free wool layer » manufactured from organically elevated sheep, in accordance to the company, and fulfills federal flammability specifications. nnThe Naturepedic No-Compromise Natural Cotton Classic 150 crib mattress shown right here has a « U.S.-grown organic and natural cotton filling » and a polyethylene plastic water resistant floor that, the manufacturer claims, is absolutely free of vinyl/ PVC, phthalates, lead, or antimicrobial biocides. It sells for $260. The outer deal with of this mattress could restrict the exposure to toxic compounds. nnCloth CovernnMany « environmentally friendly » mattresses really don’t have vinyl addresses. (Vinyl has been used for traditional mattresses for several years because it is strong, effortless to clear, and affordable.) In its place you will discover fabric handles in cotton 100-% unbleached, undyed, organic and natural cotton or bamboo yarn. Bamboo is speedy expanding and quickly renewable, and the fiber is in a natural way antifungal and antibacterial. nnNatural and organic, Water resistant Mattress PadsnnThese normally have an natural cotton layer, but most still use a layer of polyurethane if the pad is truly water-resistant. An illustration is the Snoozy Natural Cotton Watertight Crib Mattress Pad, which sells for $twenty five. It is really built with natural and organic cotton, but the maker claims the water-resistant polyurethane protecting layer is « guide and phthalate absolutely free. » nnWool Mattress PadsnnIf you never want to use a solution designed with substances but even now want to secure your baby’s mattress, you can opt for pads created with wool to take in leaks. Be mindful, having said that, considering that some moms and dads obtain that wool pads feel to be simply « h2o resistant » and not genuinely water-proof. nnCushioning LayersnnSealy Posturepedic Springfree Soybean & Latex Foam-Core Crib Mattress weighs significantly less than twelve kilos, and the maker states its cloth address is « damp resistant. » nnInstead of foam cushioning, some mattresses are manufactured with normal latex rubber, which comes from a liquid extracted from tropical trees. (Some infants are allergic to latex, but simply because it can be tucked into the mattress main, it could not pose a difficulty. If you have any doubts, stay away from a mattress built with latex.) nnCoir nnUntil the environmentally friendly motion arrived alongside, coir-shredded and woven coconut shell husks certain with latex adhesive–was ordinarily made use of as an insulator pad on best of the coils of greater-excellent innerspring crib mattresses. Now you may uncover it in other « pure » mattresses, both of those foam and innerspring. The Colgate Purely natural one ($370) and the Coco Mat from Organic Mat ($400) use coir as the main filling in its place of foam or innersprings, bordering it with cotton cushioning, lamb’s wool or mohair fleece. Coir is renewable and sustainable, but it also tends to make a mattress hefty. nnA superior top quality crib mattress not only aids slumber cozy as a result of the night but also helps promote healthy and makes certain basic safety too.Deciding upon a crib mattress may appear to be like a monotonous job but it is really one particular that warrants careful consideration. The mattress is as essential as the crib, and we advocate obtaining the finest 1 you can.A variety of varieties of mattress are obtainable in the industry for the persons of all ages. In regard of its building and elements utilised, there are diverse styles of mattress and in this regard they are divided into the following.The crib mattress is a mini mattress made for employing inside the baby crib. It is intended to give a protected and supportive surface area for your baby’s sleeping. For comfy sleeping on the infant, a much better crib mattress is rather crucial. Mainly because of assistance the baby’s growing bones and offer a secure and audio sleeping environment, the crib mattresses are created to be company.